“Settler colonialism has involved denying Native people sovereignty and access to land and resources. It has also produced high rates of incarceration of American Indians in Minnesota and the country. How? For over two centuries, American Indians have been forcibly removed from their lands and homes. This history of removal has been achieved through unfair treaties that created the reservation system; systemic violence and warfare, including moving Dakota people into a concentration camp at the US military outpost Fort Snelling and the execution of 38 Dakota men during the US-Dakota War 1862-3; the takeover of tribal jurisdiction; and taking children from their families and placing them in boarding schools. Mass incarceration continues this pattern of removal by displacing Native people from communities and transferring power to others through gerrymandering and other means.”